The Model regulations of the cantons in the energy sector (MuKEn 2014) mark an important step in Swiss energy policy. The aim of these regulations is to sustainably reduce the energy consumption of buildings and at the same time the CO₂-emissions. But how did the MuKEn 2014 come about and which standards were previously in force?
Historical forerunners
An important milestone was the Swiss Federal Energy Act of 1999, which supported the promotion of renewable energies and increased energy efficiency. Requirements for thermal insulation and energy supply were introduced in the building sector. Subsequent revisions strengthened these requirements - in particular with the "Energy Coat Decree", which further emphasised energy efficiency.
The first MuKEn were created back in 1992 and were revised several times in the following years, most recently in the 2008 version, which already contained specifications on thermal insulation, the use of renewable energies and low-carbon heat generation. However, the effect remained limited as implementation varied from canton to canton.
MuKEn 2014 - contents and objectives
The MuKEn 2014 were drawn up with the aim of harmonising the energy efficiency of buildings throughout Switzerland. They contain specifications for new buildings and conversions.
Two detection methods:
- Individual component verification: Requirements for minimum U-values of roof, wall, floor, etc.
Table 1: Requirements for new buildings and new components for conversions and conversions 
Table 2: Requirements for all components affected by the conversion or change of use - System verification: Verification of the total energy demand of the building, often with tools such as Lesosai or Thermo 7.
Table 3: Limit values for new buildings or conversions and conversions per building category
Specifications for new buildings:
- Maximum energy requirement for heating, hot water, ventilation and cooling.
- Mandatory share of renewable energy.
- Standardised certificates such as GEAK.
Specifications for conversions:
Less stringent requirements apply to conversions, but with clearly defined standards for components such as windows, insulation and heating systems.
Effects on energy consumption
The implementation of the MuKEn 2014 is already having an impact: the specific energy requirement for heating and hot water is falling. Modern buildings are well below the requirements, which brings ecological and economic benefits.
The MuKEn also promote the use of heat pumps, solar energy and other renewable sources.
Conclusion: Foundation for greater energy efficiency in Switzerland
The MuKEn 2014 are a significant step towards greater energy efficiency in the Swiss building sector. Despite their progressiveness, the challenge of cantonal differences in implementation remains. The climate targets can only be achieved through a coordinated national effort - the MuKEn provide a solid foundation for this.